Nov/Dec Children's Studies Bookshelf

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Nov/Dec Children's Studies Bookshelf

Meet the Curator

Dr. Danielle Ridolfi

Danielle Ridolfi is a picture book illustrator and a lecturer at WashU in Children's Studies and in the Sam Fox School. She holds an MFA in Illustration and Visual Culture and a PhD in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Ridolfi's debut picture book as an author-illustrator, When the Dark Clouds Come, was published in October 2025 by Quill Tree Books. She is represented by Aevitas Creative Management. She enjoys writing about the history of the picturebook and its function as a cultural object. Dr. Ridolfi is thrilled to contribute to the Children's Studies Bookshelf to share her passion for picture book history with students across the department and the university.

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The Fairy Tale War: The Rise of "Here and Now" Picturebooks in the Wake of the Golden Age

When you think of children’s picturebooks, what comes to mind? Genteel women weaving sweet stories about fairies and lambs while taking their tea? If so, you are in for a surprise. The picturebook was at the epicenter of one of the most clamorous controversies in the children’s literary world, known today as the Fairy Tale War. In the early 20th century, powerful New York City children’s librarian Anne Carroll Moore, who much preferred the fairy tales of the Golden Age, publicly clashed with progressive pedagogue and author Lucy Sprague Mitchell who argued that children’s books should center not on the faraway and fantastical, but on the modern child’s “here and now”. Their debate shook up the industry and seeded the picturebook canon with ideas still vital to creators today.
 

The early 20th century brought an erosion of Victorian innocence and challenges, particularly for the urban child, for which Moore believed fairy tales and nursery rhymes would provide a much needed escape—poverty, urban crowding, the threat of world war, and, for newly immigrated children, the formidable challenge of integrating into a new, often unwelcoming, culture. “Never has it seemed so important,” stressed Moore, “that the imagination of children be fed with pictures which have in them elements of security in family relationships and of beauty and wonder in the natural world”. However, Mitchell—founder of then new progressive and experimental Bank Street School for Children— argued that fairy tales contained concepts too foreign for children and situations, often involving jealous queens or exploitative kings, too abstracted from modern realities. Mitchell quips, “it is only the jaded adult mind, afraid to trust the children’s own fresh springs of imagination, that feels for children the need of the stimulus of magic” (25).
 

In the Bank Street writer’s lab, children’s authors gave shape to Mitchell’s here and now pedagogy, crafting stories that eschewed fantasy in favor of relatively plotless meditations on contemporary, often urban, life and celebrations of the mundane objects and experiences of a child’s daily routine—firetrucks, trains, toys, food, socks, dogs, and the like. The high water mark of such efforts was the work of author Margaret Wise Brown, most notably Goodnight Moon (1947)—a lyrical list of ordinary objects found in a child’s bedroom—which Moore publicly snubbed—and the contributions of Bank Street Negro Scholarship recipient Ellen Tarry, which highlighted facets of the black urban experience. These books’ focus on lyricism and language play was particularly important given Mitchell’s belief that a here and now story “must be a world of sounds and smells and tastes and sights and feelings and contacts”. Many here and now books skillfully wove rhyme, rhythm, and repetition into their texts to ensure the resulting books offered rich sensory learning. 

While Mitchell was skeptical about the benefit of illustrations in a here and now book, preferring to use language play to pictures, contemporary author-illustrators working in the tradition of the here and now story, have explored innovative solutions for how the illustrations themselves can add the sensory element that Mitchell so heartily advocated for. This collection, in addition to four original Bank Street here and now books, features three examples of contemporary picturebooks with here and now-style plots about weather. And their illustrations, filled with textured paper, tactile printing, and layered collages add another level of sensory engagement to their lyrical texts. Collectively, they demonstrate that illustration can play a vital role in keeping the reader focused on the here and now. Scholar Perry Nodelman remarks “the picture demands our attention” whispering to the viewer “don’t be concerned with what happens next, think about what is happening now, at this moment”. Much to Moore’s chagrin, here and now stories are here to stay, offering apt reminders, perhaps even more essential in today’s world of digital distractions and endless scrolling, to stay present.


Books on Shelf:

Margaret Wise Brown & Clement Hurd, Goodnight Moon, 1947.
Margaret Wise Brown & Leonard Weisgard, The Noisy Book, 1939.
Margaret Wise Brown & Leonard Weisgard, The Important Book, 1949.
Ellen Tarry & Oliver Harrington, Hezekiah Horton, Macmillan Company, 1942.
Lois Ehlert, Rain Fish, 2016.
Anne Herbauts, What Color is the Wind, 2010
Danielle Ridolfi, When the Dark Clouds Come, 2025

Scholarly addition: Lucy Sprague Mitchell, The Here and Now Storybook, 1921.


Scholarly Sources: 

Perry Nodelman, Words About Pictures: The Narrative Art of Children’s Picture Books, The University of Georgia Press, 1988.
Lucy Sprague Mitchell, The Here and Now Storybook, E.P. Dutton & Company, 1921
Anne Carroll Moore, A Century of Kate Greenaway, Frederick Warne & Company, 1946.

This Month's Featured Books

When the Dark Clouds Come

The new picturebook by WashU Children’s Studies lecturer Danielle Ridolfi offers a contemporary take on the here and now story. Deeply inspired by Margaret Wise Brown and the pedagogical framework of Lucy Sprague Mitchell, When the Dark Clouds Come is a mindful exploration of the coming and going of an ordinary summer event—a thunderstorm. The text invites a curiosity about the ways in which the storm impacts the objects in a young child’s view, including sheets on a clothesline, leaves on a tree, and the rooms inside a house. The layered, textured collages, which feature items like fabric, pressed leaves, wallpaper, and old book pages, and together with the books lyrical text, strengthen the book’s focus on multi-sensory learning and invite readers to explore their own material here and now outside of the book’s pages.

The Here and Now Storybook

What Color is the Wind

Integrating a physical tactility and materiality to the illustrations in a picturebook is a powerful means of connecting readers to the material here and now. What Color Is The Wind is a picturebook that relies as much on sight as it does on touch. The paintings are layered with colorless embossing and glossy-printed areas that must be experienced by moving one’s hand across the page. Herbauts transforms something as mundane as the wind into an engaging multi-sensory experience that encourages deep questions about the nature of our senses and our means of experiencing the everyday world around us. It provides a beautiful example of how illustration can be used to support an object-based exploration of the here and now.

Rain Fish

The work of contemporary author-illustrator Lois Ehlert demonstrates a clear commitment to celebrating the ordinary, unassuming objects and happenings of the natural world. Rain Fish offers a catalog of found objects that float by in streets and city gutters during rainstorms and invites readers to imagine what those objects might resemble. The poetic text invites curiosity about unwanted objects, particularly in city landscapes. That Ehlert’s collages are made from actual found objects, like feathers and crinkled paper, makes the narrative and its focus on the power of unassuming, ordinary objects all the more powerful. Such three-dimensionality enhances the sensory learning inherent to Ehlert’s books.

Hezekiah Horton

After winning the first Bank Street Negro Scholarship, Ellen Tarry went on to write several children’s books in the 1940s, some of the very first picturebooks created specifically for black children. While more plot heavy than Margaret Wise Brown’s work, Tarry’s books demonstrate a clear connection to The Bank Street pedagogy given their setting in urban neighborhoods and their focus on everyday objects—in this case, the automobile. Hezekiah Horton, illustrated by the notable cartoonist, Oliver Harrington, features a young black boy who is obsessed with Mr. Ed’s red convertible. Mr. Ed, a white man, befriends Hezekiah and gives him a ride. Other of Tarry’s picturebooks, like Janie Belle, are similarly interested in relationships between white and black neighbors.

The Important Book

The Important Book, another collaboration between Margaret Wise Brown and illustrator Leonard Weisgard, is a quintessential “here and now” picturebook. It offers a plotless catalog of ordinary objects a child would be familiar with—shoes, grass, spoons, glass—along with poetic descriptions of each. Weisgard’s beautiful paintings are paired with Brown’s meditations on the essence of each object: “the important thing about the sky is that is it always there. It is true that it is blue, and high, and full of clouds, and made of air. But the important thing about the sky is that it is always there.” The book invites the reader to see the mundane objects of their everyday lives in a
new and unfamiliar light.

The Noisy Book

This early collaboration between Margaret Wise Brown and illustrator Leonard Weisgard features an interactive narrative that encourages the reader to respond to questions as a dog named Muffin who cannot see tries to guess what objects might be creating all of the sounds he hears. The decision to set the book in the city, amongst noisy automobiles, trains, dogs, and people, reflects The Bank Street belief that stories should reflect not fantastical settings, but the neighborhoods of 20th century
children. Expressive and repetitive words like “flippity flap” and “patter patter patter” inject a language play into the narrative. By inviting children to mimic these playful sounds themselves, The Noisy Book accomplishes another essential Bank Street goal: to make children themselves a central part of the narrative.

Goodnight Moon

In this canonical “here and now” book, which Lucy Sprague Mitchell thought gave the Bank Street pedagogy its most perfect form, Brown offers a lyrical meditation on the ordinary objects in a child’s bedroom—socks, clocks, a brush, a bowl of mush— bidding them each goodnight in turn. In line with The Bank Street’s emphasis on language play over narrative, Goodnight Moon is a relatively plotless poem that plays with rhyme, repetition, and a soothing rhythm. Clement Hurd’s surreal illustrations offer a visual story that runs parallel to the text, injecting details like the restless rabbit, the mice scurrying about the room, and a room that darkens so gradually as to almost be imperceptible. While firmly ensconced in the picturebook canon today, Anne Carroll Moore’s dislike for the book and her refusal to stock it in public libraries led to its being relatively unknown until the early 1970s.